(in glass-making) an iron rod used to hold or shape soft glass.
(制玻璃时取熔融玻璃用的)铁杆
blowpipe
（吹制玻璃器皿的）吹管a long tube for blowing glass into a particular shape
annealer
anneal
给（金属或玻璃）退火to heat metal or glass and allow it to cool slowly, in order to make it stronger or softer
glory hole
A glory hole is equipment that glass blowers use for re-heating glass to soften it so it can be further worked or to keep it hot enough to avoid cracking during other work like adding handles, feet, lampworking.
关于为什么叫glory hole：
While there is no concrete answer, there are several plausible origins of this term. In an old factory, where smoke and dust were everywhere, a 2100° opening would have created an illusion not unlike that seen in paintings of saints and angels where “The Glory” radiated from their heads. A break in the clouds where sunlight passes through is also called a glory hole. However, the term has more recently fallen out of use and the term “Reheating Furnace” is more widely used.
using a cylindrical or truncated conical one-piece mold with a patterned interior. The mold is open at the top so that glass can be dipped in to create a pattern on the exterior of a gather of glass or on a bubble.
This technique was invented by Roman glassworkers. It was indispensable in glasshouses of the Middle Ages and flourished in Venice. Also known as dip molding, it remains popular today.
Container 容器名
lacrimarum
a tear collector
candelabra
枝状大烛台（或灯台）an object with several branches for holding candles or lights
Technique 技艺
inclamo
The technique of constructing an object, usually a vessel, by fusing two or more blown glass elements. The process, first practiced in the Islamic world in the Middle Ages, demands great precision because the edges of the adjoining elements must have precisely the same diameter.
reticello
Reticello (Italian, “glass with a small network”) A type of blown glass made with canes organized in a crisscross pattern to form a fine net, which may contain tiny air traps.
murrine
Murrine, a glassmaking technique, first appeared in the Middle East over 4,000 years ago. The process, which refers to the colorful patterns and abstract images made in a glass cane that are revealed only when the rod is cut into thin cross-sections, was later revived by Venetian glassmakers in Murano during the early 15th century.
mezza filigrana
a technique that has been used since the sixteenth century in which a series of clear glass rods are fused with a piece of lattimo (milky) or colored glass at the center.
bit work
Small amounts of molten glass are added on top of other decorative elements (such as “wings’), then manipulated with tools.
battuto
The word used to describe the multifaceted wheel-engraved surface that resembles beaten metal.
quenching
submerging glass in water 表层迅速冷却，形成裂纹
Important Places 重要地点
Corning Museum of Glass
（好想去啊！）博物馆的网站也有很多玻璃及玻璃制作相关的资源，特别好。玻璃词典网址如下：
https://www.cmog.org/research/glass-dictionary
History 历史
最近正好在读Geoffrey Blainey的A Short History of the World，里面提到了一些关于玻璃制作历史的内容，正好在这里稍作摘抄。
The Ancient Egyptians had produced first vessels of hollow glass.
The Syrians ivnented the blowpipe for blowing glass into round thin-walled vessels in about 200BC.
The Romans could manufacture a mirror...but the Roman mirriors were not much clearer than a still pool of dark water.
It was Venice... which imroved on the old Roman methods of making glass.
The glassmakers of Venice had become so numerous, and the fires burning in their workshops posed such a danger of setting fire to the whole city, that in 10291 the government moved them to the adjacent idland of Murano.
the first mirrors of looking glases of any clarity were made in Venice about 1500
My piece glamorizes everything that a flower is not. A flower is a classic beauty. It has everything going for it: color, beautiful scent, great proportions. It epitomizes life. But the potato is a powerhouse. To me, it represents otherness and those that have been marginalized and I personally resonate with that them a lot, for myself and for my work. So for its atypical beauty and its metaphorical power, I chose the sprouted potato.
Fundamentals 基础
glassblowing
production glassblowing
大批量生产玻璃产品
glassblower
hot shop
Tools 工具
punty
(in glass-making) an iron rod used to hold or shape soft glass.
(制玻璃时取熔融玻璃用的)铁杆
blowpipe
（吹制玻璃器皿的）吹管a long tube for blowing glass into a particular shape
annealer
anneal
给（金属或玻璃）退火to heat metal or glass and allow it to cool slowly, in order to make it stronger or softer
glory hole
A glory hole is equipment that glass blowers use for re-heating glass to soften it so it can be further worked or to keep it hot enough to avoid cracking during other work like adding handles, feet, lampworking.
关于为什么叫glory hole：
While there is no concrete answer, there are several plausible origins of this term. In an old factory, where smoke and dust were everywhere, a 2100° opening would have created an illusion not unlike that seen in paintings of saints and angels where “The Glory” radiated from their heads. A break in the clouds where sunlight passes through is also called a glory hole. However, the term has more recently fallen out of use and the term “Reheating Furnace” is more widely used.
（出处：https://www.cmog.org/faq/why-it-called-glory-hole）
Wooden Paddle
压平热玻璃或对其进行其他塑形的工具
optic molding
using a cylindrical or truncated conical one-piece mold with a patterned interior. The mold is open at the top so that glass can be dipped in to create a pattern on the exterior of a gather of glass or on a bubble.
This technique was invented by Roman glassworkers. It was indispensable in glasshouses of the Middle Ages and flourished in Venice. Also known as dip molding, it remains popular today.
Container 容器名
lacrimarum
a tear collector
candelabra
枝状大烛台（或灯台）an object with several branches for holding candles or lights
Technique 技艺
inclamo
The technique of constructing an object, usually a vessel, by fusing two or more blown glass elements. The process, first practiced in the Islamic world in the Middle Ages, demands great precision because the edges of the adjoining elements must have precisely the same diameter.
reticello
Reticello (Italian, “glass with a small network”) A type of blown glass made with canes organized in a crisscross pattern to form a fine net, which may contain tiny air traps.
murrine
Murrine, a glassmaking technique, first appeared in the Middle East over 4,000 years ago. The process, which refers to the colorful patterns and abstract images made in a glass cane that are revealed only when the rod is cut into thin cross-sections, was later revived by Venetian glassmakers in Murano during the early 15th century.
mezza filigrana
a technique that has been used since the sixteenth century in which a series of clear glass rods are fused with a piece of lattimo (milky) or colored glass at the center.
bit work
Small amounts of molten glass are added on top of other decorative elements (such as “wings’), then manipulated with tools.
battuto
The word used to describe the multifaceted wheel-engraved surface that resembles beaten metal.
quenching
submerging glass in water 表层迅速冷却，形成裂纹
Important Places 重要地点
Corning Museum of Glass
（好想去啊！）博物馆的网站也有很多玻璃及玻璃制作相关的资源，特别好。玻璃词典网址如下：
https://www.cmog.org/research/glass-dictionary
History 历史
最近正好在读Geoffrey Blainey的A Short History of the World，里面提到了一些关于玻璃制作历史的内容，正好在这里稍作摘抄。
Sprouted Potatoes
非常喜欢第一季第八季植物主题Debrah的作品和发言，特地在这里记录一下。
原文如下：
我的作品赞美与花朵截然相反的东西。花朵是经典的美。它一切都很完美：颜色、香味、比例。它是生命的典范。但是土豆拥有强大的力量。在我看来，它代表不同，代表被边缘化的，而这让我个人很有共鸣。因为它的非典型的美和隐喻力，我选择做发芽的土豆。
My piece glamorizes everything that a flower is not. A flower is a classic beauty. It has everything going for it: color, beautiful scent, great proportions. It epitomizes life. But the potato is a powerhouse. To me, it represents otherness and those that have been marginalized and I personally resonate with that them a lot, for myself and for my work. So for its atypical beauty and its metaphorical power, I chose the sprouted potato.
玻璃，灵动，脆弱…nnn玻璃制品，易碎却又美轮美奂，制作这样的玻璃制品的过程又是怎么样的呢，这个综艺中，通过竞技的方式，我们可以看到一些玻璃艺术家们的技艺，想法，做法，和，理想…n比赛赛制上是十个选手进行淘汰赛，每一场根据主题或者要求在规定的时间内完成一场"命题作文"式的玻璃制品，经过评委们的品鉴与选择，决定哪一个离开，决定哪一个是最好最成功的，最后留下的那位获得高额奖金并且其作品可以参加某一次玻璃制作业内展览的机会…n作为这个系列的第一季，自己更加好奇的是玻璃制品的制作，高温融化，吹制各种形状，如何制作不同的颜色，如何控制不同的形状，如何把握不同的质感…n在这里，有的时候，创意优先，某些场次比赛，我们看到评委们对于创意的重视远远超过作品完成度…n有的时候，却又是技术先行，在创意基本大同小异的时候，作品的完成度，制作的精美程度，有的时候决定了胜负去留…n有的时候，取舍与整体时间的把控是重点，几个小时要完成平时几天去做完的事情，并不容易，这个时候，如何把控自己的计划尤为重要…n面对压力，是手忙脚乱，还是镇定自若。有的时候，好的心理素质让人走的更远…n总得来说，自己最喜欢的是每场比赛临近结束的作品展示时间，看到选手们自己的创意，技术，能力，执行度，最后的成品，有的时候叹为观止，有的时候摇头叹息，有的时候拍手叫好，有的时候闭嘴惊艳，但是无论成败，这个过程让人难忘，个人评分9.0分，推荐指数四星半。
#豆狸推荐# nn美哉琉璃：巧匠大比拼 | 真人秀/美国nn吹吹吹吹吹 看我的！nn十名大师级工匠n一个比一个能吹n玻璃在他们的嘴下n化成一个又一个工艺品n超级美艳n狸狸好想偷一位大师肥家家[偷笑]n想吹啥吹啥nn推荐指数：⭐⭐⭐⭐️ nn美哉琉璃：巧匠大比拼 | 真人秀/美国nn吹吹吹吹吹 看我的！nn十名大师级工匠n一个比一个能吹n玻璃在他们的嘴下n化成一个又一个工艺品n超级美艳n狸狸好想偷一位大师肥家家[偷笑]n想吹啥吹啥nn推荐指数：⭐⭐⭐⭐️