For over 100 years, Versailles stood for the power and prestige of the Bourdon dynasty. But it also stood for a society that was fundamentally unfair and corrupt. Romantic, but royally debauched. Glittering, but grotesquely unequal. Magnificent, but profoundly immoral. 一百多年来，凡尔赛宫一直代表着波旁王朝的权力和威望。但它也代表着根深蒂固的社会不公和腐败。皇室生性浪漫但纵情声色，金碧辉煌但极度不公，美丽壮观但道德败坏。
法兰西君主（monarque de France）正式头衔最初是“王”（法语：Roi），这部纪录片里也有描绘路易十四走进宫殿时侍卫会喊：Le Roi! 一秒脑补“皇上驾到”。拿破仑一世称“皇帝”（Empereur）。在《法国1791年宪法》短暂生效时期（1791年－1792年）和1830年七月革命后，“法兰西国王”的头衔形式被“法兰西人之王”（Roi des Français）所取代。
这是一项宪法上的创新，把君主头衔和法兰西人民而不是领土联系在一起，试图使君主制更受人民大众欢迎。拿破仑称帝后，也如法炮制，称“法兰西人的皇帝”（Empereur des Français）。
——即位和加冕—— 即位（enthronement） An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a person—usually a monarch or religious leader—being formally seated for the first time upon their throne. This ritual is generally distinguished from a coronation because there is no crown or other regalia that is physically bestowed upon the one being enthroned, though regalia may be present at the ceremony. Enthronements occur in both church and state settings, since the throne is seen as a symbol of authority, both secular and spiritual.
加冕(coronation) A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch and/or their consort with regal power, usually involving the ritual placement of a crown upon his or her head and the presentation of other items of regalia. A ceremony without the placement of a crown on one's head is known as an enthronement. The ceremony may include the taking of special vows by the monarch, acts of homage by the new ruler's subjects and the performance of other ritual deeds of special significance to the particular nation. Once a vital ritual among the world's monarchies, coronations have changed over time for a variety of socio-political and religious factors; most modern monarchies have dispensed with them altogether, preferring simpler enthronement, investiture or benediction ceremonies. Coronations are still observed in the United Kingdom, Tonga, and several Asian countries. In common usage today, coronation normally[citation needed] refers to the official investiture or enthronement of the monarch, whether or not an actual crown is bestowed.
各国加冕仪式 In addition to investing the monarch with symbols of state, Western-style coronations have often traditionally involve anointing with holy oil, or chrism as it is often called. Wherever a ruler is anointed in this way, as in Great Britain and Tonga, this ritual takes on an overtly religious significance, following examples found in the Bible. Some other lands use bathing or cleansing rites, the drinking of a sacred beverage, or other religious practices to achieve a comparable effect. Such acts symbolise the granting of divine favour to the monarch within the relevant spiritual-religious paradigm of the country.
各国加冕和神的联系 In the past, concepts of royalty, coronation and deity were often inexorably linked. In some ancient cultures, rulers were considered to be divine or partially divine: the Egyptian Pharaoh was believed to be the son of Ra, the sun god, while in Japan, the Emperor was believed to be a descendant of Amaterasu, the sun goddess. Rome promulgated the practice of emperor worship; in Medieval Europe, monarchs claimed to have a divine right to rule. Coronations were once a direct visual expression of these alleged connections, but recent centuries have seen the lessening of such beliefs due to increasing secularization and democratization. Thus, coronations (or their religious elements, at least) have often been discarded altogether or altered to reflect the constitutional nature of the states in which they are held. However, some monarchies still choose to retain an overtly religious dimension to their accession rituals. Others have adopted simpler enthronement or inauguration ceremonies, or even no ceremony at all.
法兰西君主（monarque de France）正式头衔最初是“王”（法语：Roi），这部纪录片里也有描绘路易十四走进宫殿时侍卫会喊：Le Roi! 一秒脑补“皇上驾到”。拿破仑一世称“皇帝”（Empereur）。在《法国1791年宪法》短暂生效时期（1791年－1792年）和1830年七月革命后，“法兰西国王”的头衔形式被“法兰西人之王”（Roi des Français）所取代。
这是一项宪法上的创新，把君主头衔和法兰西人民而不是领土联系在一起，试图使君主制更受人民大众欢迎。拿破仑称帝后，也如法炮制，称“法兰西人的皇帝”（Empereur des Français）。
从公元486年，法兰克王国墨洛温王朝国王克洛维一世击败西罗马帝国在高卢的最后一位官员算起，直到1870年法兰西君主制被彻底推翻，历代君主的统治才告终结。
——即位和加冕——
即位（enthronement）
An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a person—usually a monarch or religious leader—being formally seated for the first time upon their throne. This ritual is generally distinguished from a coronation because there is no crown or other regalia that is physically bestowed upon the one being enthroned, though regalia may be present at the ceremony. Enthronements occur in both church and state settings, since the throne is seen as a symbol of authority, both secular and spiritual.
加冕(coronation)
A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch and/or their consort with regal power, usually involving the ritual placement of a crown upon his or her head and the presentation of other items of regalia. A ceremony without the placement of a crown on one's head is known as an enthronement. The ceremony may include the taking of special vows by the monarch, acts of homage by the new ruler's subjects and the performance of other ritual deeds of special significance to the particular nation. Once a vital ritual among the world's monarchies, coronations have changed over time for a variety of socio-political and religious factors; most modern monarchies have dispensed with them altogether, preferring simpler enthronement, investiture or benediction ceremonies. Coronations are still observed in the United Kingdom, Tonga, and several Asian countries. In common usage today, coronation normally[citation needed] refers to the official investiture or enthronement of the monarch, whether or not an actual crown is bestowed.
各国加冕仪式
In addition to investing the monarch with symbols of state, Western-style coronations have often traditionally involve anointing with holy oil, or chrism as it is often called. Wherever a ruler is anointed in this way, as in Great Britain and Tonga, this ritual takes on an overtly religious significance, following examples found in the Bible. Some other lands use bathing or cleansing rites, the drinking of a sacred beverage, or other religious practices to achieve a comparable effect. Such acts symbolise the granting of divine favour to the monarch within the relevant spiritual-religious paradigm of the country.
各国加冕和神的联系
In the past, concepts of royalty, coronation and deity were often inexorably linked. In some ancient cultures, rulers were considered to be divine or partially divine: the Egyptian Pharaoh was believed to be the son of Ra, the sun god, while in Japan, the Emperor was believed to be a descendant of Amaterasu, the sun goddess. Rome promulgated the practice of emperor worship; in Medieval Europe, monarchs claimed to have a divine right to rule. Coronations were once a direct visual expression of these alleged connections, but recent centuries have seen the lessening of such beliefs due to increasing secularization and democratization. Thus, coronations (or their religious elements, at least) have often been discarded altogether or altered to reflect the constitutional nature of the states in which they are held. However, some monarchies still choose to retain an overtly religious dimension to their accession rituals. Others have adopted simpler enthronement or inauguration ceremonies, or even no ceremony at all.
——法国历史时间线——
古代▲
希腊殖民地t
凯尔特高卢t
罗马高卢t前50年–486年
中世纪前期▲
法兰克人t
墨洛温王朝t481年–751年
卡洛林王朝t751年–987年
中世纪▲
卡佩王朝t987年–1328年
瓦卢瓦王朝t1328年–1498年
兰开斯特王朝 1422年-1453年
近代▲
瓦卢瓦-奥尔良王朝t1498年–1515年
瓦卢瓦-昂古莱姆王朝t1515年–1589年
波旁王朝t1589年–1792年
法兰西王国t1492年–1791年
十九世纪▲
法国大革命t1789年 （法兰西王国和波旁王朝被推翻）
法国人的王国t1791年–1792年
——法兰西第一共和国——t1792年–1804年
* 国民公会t1792年–1795年
* 督政府t1795年–1799年
* 执政府t1799年–1804年
——法兰西第一帝国——t1804年–1814年 （波拿巴王朝的十年统治）
波旁复辟t1814年–1815年 （拿破仑在莱比锡战役中败于反法同盟，波旁王朝首次复辟）
法兰西第一帝国复辟 1815.3-1815.7（拿破仑回巴黎复位，波拿巴皇朝首次复辟，百日王朝）
波旁王朝二次复辟 1815-1830（拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中败于反法同盟，波旁王朝再次复辟）
七月革命t1830年（推翻波旁王朝，经过共和派与保皇派的妥协，法国王位转入奥尔良支系）
七月王朝t1830年–1848年 （奥尔良王朝）
二月革命t1848年 （推翻七月王朝）
——第二共和国——t1848年–1852年
——法兰西第二帝国——t1852年–1870年 （波拿巴皇朝二次复辟）
——第三共和国——t1871年–1940年 （1870年拿破仑三世在普法战争色当战役中兵败被俘，帝位被废，第二帝国和波拿巴皇朝被推翻。第三共和国建立后，法国再也没有出现事实上的君主。）
巴黎公社t1871.3-1871.5
麦克马洪1875年成为第三共和国的第一任正式总统，支持君主制的他于1877年5月16日在参议院同意下解散众议院，试图发起政变，恢复君主制。（“5月16日危机”）
二十世纪▲
自由法国•维希法国t1940年–1944年
共和国临时政府t1944年–1946年
第四共和国t1946年–1958年
第五共和国t1958年–至今
资料来源：维基
英法這對基友各有獨特的色味兒，法國的政治保守、倚賴古雅，最後反激起了暴民革命及自由思潮——現代的法國幾乎同時攜著輝煌的文藝史去建構自體的解形而上學及時髦哲學。比較來說，英國則一直善於調節三階關係甚至天主教和新教關係，故重實用主義、功利主義和經驗主義，現在的英美分析哲學連“解形而上學”都不能算——能想像它的羅馬-不列顛世代嗎。
路易十四，强大的太阳神，他一手缔造了凡尔赛宫，他使得凡尔赛成为法国甚至是欧洲的政治权利中心。他相信君权神授，他无疑是君主制下的优秀国王，够强势，够强大，打胜仗，有情妇~而当他年老体衰时，他同法国王朝一同走向下坡。但客观地说，正是他的征战奢侈为法国财政危机埋下隐患。
终于看完了，第三集-------革命倒计时。我最喜欢这集，可能感触更多。路易十六和末代皇帝溥仪很相似，他们都曾经试图挽救摇摇欲坠的帝国。但是曾经辉煌的王朝留给他们的只是财政赤字，贵族阶层的腐朽。路易十六和溥仪都不够强势。路易十六想当一个好君王，他试图推行向神职人员，贵族也征税的政策。他支持过三任财政大臣改革，到最后由于贵族阶层的强烈反对，他也只得罢免他支持的财政大臣以及他一心想推行的征税政策。无疑，他的内心一定十分痛苦。只有向贵族，神职人员征税，国家才能生存，但是凡尔赛宫，他身边围绕的却都是贵族们，支持他王权的也是这些人。贵族们当然不愿意丧失自己的特权，他们只有向国王施压，散布流言，甚至将查理一世被处决的油画送到凡尔赛宫。
溥仪又何尝不是想支持维新变法，但是朝廷的腐朽阶层不愿失去自己的既得利益，变法失败。我不由得想起蒋中正谈到国民党腐败，变，亡党，不变，亡国。
也许路易十六不当国王会快乐很多，他想要恢复法国的繁荣，但是他一个人又如何抵挡王朝走向衰败的历史年轮。当他的人民攻向凡尔赛宫，他决定不让刀枪对向自己的人民，这无疑值得称颂。他们最后走向了断头台，波傍王朝的统治也走向终点。
波旁王朝的终结必须要有一个替罪羊。
早在路易十五当政期间，国库吃紧，法国财政制度暴露出一系列的问题；但此位“我死后管它洪水滔天”的君主，把7年战争后的烂摊子扔给他的继任者。路易十六所聘任的三位财政大臣，面对凡尔赛宫的庞大开支、对美国独立战争无意义的支持导致的国库完全亏空，不约而同做出了让神职人员与贵族共同纳税的决策，毫无疑问遭到了这两个阶层的强烈反对。而又恰恰是国王的举棋不定和软弱，使他想要改革的决心偏向了贵族。最终，那些缴纳税务供养皇室、贵族和神职人员的民众将自己改名为国民议会、攻占了巴士底狱，在10月6日冲进凡尔赛。这对不幸的皇室夫妇始终不愿把枪指向自己的人民，于是他们前往巴黎，沦为法国大革命的阶下囚。
他太记得查理一世背叛人民的下场，但自从他屈服于贵族阶层，停止改革步伐之后，便踏上了和查理一世同样的道路。
有趣的是，当杜尔哥被迫离开凡尔赛，皇后对国王说您必须要向民众解释这一切，路易十六说“民众会揣测我的沉默，而不是我的语言。”